// Programming Languages

Comprehensive collection of programming languages, from popular mainstream languages to emerging and specialized ones. Curated from years of experience in software development.

40+
Languages
6
Categories
15+
Years Experience
100%
Handpicked

Popular Languages

Most widely used programming languages in the industry

JavaScript
High-level, interpreted programming language for web development
Scripting Beginner Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
Web Development Node.js React Vue Angular ES6+
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Python
General-purpose programming language designed for readability
General Purpose Beginner Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
Data Science AI/ML Web Development Automation Django Flask
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Java
Popular secure object-oriented language designed for flexibility
Compiled Intermediate Object-Oriented
Key Features:
Enterprise Android Spring Maven JVM Cross-platform
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C#
Modern, object-oriented programming language by Microsoft
Compiled Intermediate Object-Oriented
Key Features:
.NET Windows Unity ASP.NET Xamarin Entity Framework
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C++
General-purpose language with bias toward system programming
Compiled Advanced Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
Performance System Programming Game Development Embedded STL
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Go
Open source programming language by Google
Compiled Intermediate Procedural
Key Features:
Concurrency Microservices Docker Kubernetes Fast Compilation
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Web Development

Languages and frameworks for web development

TypeScript
Typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript
Compiled Intermediate Object-Oriented
Key Features:
Type Safety Angular React Node.js IntelliSense
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PHP
Server-side scripting language for web development
Interpreted Beginner Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
WordPress Laravel Symfony Composer MySQL
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Ruby
Dynamic, open source programming language with focus on simplicity
Interpreted Beginner Object-Oriented
Key Features:
Rails Sinatra Gems Metaprogramming DSL
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Swift
Apple's compiled programming language for iOS/macOS
Compiled Intermediate Object-Oriented
Key Features:
iOS macOS Xcode Playgrounds Safety
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Kotlin
Modern programming language for Android and JVM
Compiled Intermediate Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
Android JVM Coroutines Null Safety Interop
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Functional Programming

Languages that emphasize functional programming paradigms

Haskell
Purely functional programming language with strong type system
Compiled Advanced Functional
Key Features:
Lazy Evaluation Type System Monads Purity Academic
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Clojure
Dynamic, general-purpose programming language for JVM
Compiled Advanced Functional
Key Features:
Lisp JVM Immutability Concurrency REPL
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Elixir
Dynamic, functional language for building maintainable applications
Compiled Intermediate Functional
Key Features:
Phoenix OTP Concurrency Fault Tolerance Actor Model
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Elm
Functional programming language for web applications
Compiled Intermediate Functional
Key Features:
Frontend Type Safety No Runtime Errors Immutable Functional UI
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F#
Functional-first programming language for .NET
Compiled Intermediate Functional
Key Features:
.NET Type Inference Pattern Matching Async Cross-platform
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Systems Programming

Languages for system-level programming and performance

Rust
Systems programming language focused on safety and performance
Compiled Advanced Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
Memory Safety Zero-cost Abstractions Concurrency WebAssembly Cargo
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C
General-purpose programming language for system programming
Compiled Advanced Procedural
Key Features:
System Programming Performance Portable Low-level Embedded
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Zig
General-purpose programming language and toolchain
Compiled Advanced Procedural
Key Features:
C Interop Compile-time No Hidden Allocations Cross-platform
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V
Simple, fast, safe, compiled language for maintainable software
Compiled Intermediate Procedural
Key Features:
Fast Compilation Memory Management C Interop Cross-platform
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Data & Analytics

Languages specialized for data science and analytics

R
Functional programming language for statistical computing
Interpreted Intermediate Functional
Key Features:
Statistics Data Analysis Visualization CRAN RStudio
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Julia
High-level dynamic programming language for numerical analysis
Compiled Intermediate Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
Scientific Computing Performance Parallel Machine Learning Jupyter
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Scala
General-purpose programming language for JVM
Compiled Advanced Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
JVM Functional Object-Oriented Spark Akka
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MATLAB
High-level language for numerical computing
Interpreted Intermediate Procedural
Key Features:
Numerical Computing Simulink Toolboxes Visualization Engineering
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Emerging Languages

New and experimental programming languages

Dart
Client-optimized language for fast apps on any platform
Compiled Intermediate Object-Oriented
Key Features:
Flutter Web Mobile Desktop Null Safety
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Crystal
Fast as C, slick as Ruby programming language
Compiled Intermediate Object-Oriented
Key Features:
Ruby-like Syntax Performance Type System Concurrency
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Nim
Statically typed compiled systems programming language
Compiled Intermediate Multi-paradigm
Key Features:
Python-like Performance Metaprogramming Cross-platform
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Odin
Fast, concise, readable, pragmatic systems programming language
Compiled Intermediate Procedural
Key Features:
C-like Performance Simple Cross-platform
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